At the same time, this work has been supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Jiangsu Provincial University Advantage Discipline Construction Project, the Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation, the Shenzhen Science and Technology Finance Program, the Guangdong Provincial University Science and Technology Innovation (Key) Project, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Hong Kong. The work was published in ACS Nano as a research paper titled "Bright Near-Infrared π-Conjugated Oligomer Nanoparticles for Deep-Brain Three-Photon Microscopy Excited at the 1700-nm Window In Vivo". The significance of this research lies in the design and synthesis of a high-brightness near-infrared fluorescent nanoprobe that can be excited at 1700 nm, and a high-depth deep brain imaging has been achieved, which has important implications for the development of three-photon probes. Three-photon deep cerebral angiography and 3D reconstruction image analysis On this basis, the team used the developed high-brightness nanoprobe for high-depth three-photon microscopic brain tissue imaging, and achieved high-resolution cerebral angiography and imaging at a depth of 1696 μm.įigure 5. It has the luminous properties of 820nm in the near-infrared region with high brightness. Recently, Professor Li Shengliang from the School of Pharmacy of Soochow University, in cooperation with Professor Wang Ke of Shenzhen University and Professor Li Zhensheng of City University of Hong Kong, developed a high-brightness near-infrared second-region excitation nanoprobe, and successfully explored the nanoprobe at 1700nm three-photon excitation.
#Homo vs lumo how to#
Therefore, how to visualize the brain and related tissues with high precision has become a current scientific problem, and the development of new technologies for spatial and temporal resolution is still a major challenge. Brain science is an essential core element for exploring the origin of life, understanding biological mechanisms, and the occurrence and development of diseases. Instead, it is more correct to speak of potential of electrolyte reduction at negative potentials, and of potential of solvent oxidation at positive potentials.Exploring and understanding the brain is the ultimate goal of human beings to understand nature and explore the mysteries of life, and it is also the "final challenge" of human life and nature research. In this opinion we provide a correct thermodynamic representation for the electrochemical stability of the electrolyte, based on redox potentials and Fermi level of the electron in solution, and demonstrate that the use of terms HOMO and LUMO should be avoided when talking about the electrochemical stability of electrolytes. Presence of electrolytes and other molecules can also significantly affect the redox potentials of the solvent leading to offset as high as 4 eV from the HOMO energies. While redox potentials in some cases show strong correlation with HOMO energies, the offset can be of several eVs.
#Homo vs lumo free#
On the other hand, redox potentials are directly related to the Gibbs free energy difference of the reactants and products. HOMO and LUMO are concepts derived from approximated electronic structure theory while investigating electronic properties of isolated molecules, and their energy levels do not indicate species participating in redox reactions. A widespread misconception in the lithium ion battery literature is the equality of the energy difference of HOMO and LUMO of the solvent with the electrochemical stability window.